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991.
城市应急能力评估指标体系核心项处理方法研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
在城市应急能力评估体系的基础上,分析了类、属性以及特征的关系,明确了属性在其中的重要性,建立了以改进的层次分析法为基础城市应急能力评估指标体系权重计算方法,指出权重与核心项之间的关系,确定以第75百分位数作为城市应急能力评估体系属性核心项判定标准,经过专家计算,确定了20项城市应激能力评估体系属性的核心项,为顺利开展城市应急能力评估奠定了基础。 相似文献
992.
Kines P 《Journal of Safety Research》2003,34(3):263-271
PROBLEM: The aim of this study was to examine individual workers' cognitive, behavioral, and motivational processes leading up to occupational falls from heights. METHOD: The study is based on 26 semistructured personal interviews and on-site investigations with male workers who reported to an emergency department for treatment of injuries due to falls from heights. RESULTS: A greater number of workers carrying out nonroutine compared to routine tasks perceived, identified, interpreted, and attempted to control a fall hazard. Two cases are presented illustrating how cognition and behavior in context progresses from a lesser to a greater active role in the incident processes. SUMMARY AND IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The addition of full-scale investigations of how and why workers thought and behaved the way they did in a particular situation can give important clues as to whether preventive measures will be effective in a similar situation in the future. 相似文献
993.
Ferguson SA 《Journal of Safety Research》2003,34(1):71-77
PROBLEM: Young drivers, particularly those who are newly licensed, have a very high crash risk. This paper examines the risk factors underlying their high crash rates and assesses the extent to which existing graduated licensing programs address these risks and whether improvements to these programs should be considered. METHOD: Review and synthesis of the literature. RESULTS: The elevated risk among young drivers of being in an injury crash is the result of a number of factors found alone or in combination, such as risky driving, alcohol use, seat belt nonuse, driver distraction, fatigue, and vehicle choice. Nighttime and passenger restrictions, adopted widely in the United States, work by keeping drivers out of hazardous situations rather than by addressing risk factors directly. However, the risk factors remain in play in driving situations not specifically restricted by law. Although other graduated licensing components adopted around the world-more stringent exit tests (i.e., you need to pass a test to move to the next stage), hazard perception tests, and restrictions on speed, vehicle power, and roadway access-make sense based on the identified risk factors, they are not yet supported by research. Should research findings warrant it, consideration should be given to providing guidance to parents about how to keep their beginning drivers safe, including information on vehicle choice. IMPACT ON RESEARCH, PRACTICE, AND POLICY: Researchers should continue to monitor and to evaluate innovative approaches to reduce the crash risk of young drivers. The effectiveness of new approaches should be established before adoption on a wider scale takes place. 相似文献
994.
Mechanisms of copper tolerance by Armeria maritima in Dolfrwyong Bog,north Wales--initial studies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Preliminary field studies were carried out at Dolfrwynog Bog in July 2000. Replicate samples of water, Armeria maritima plants and the soils adhering to its roots were collected and analysed for copper. Concentrations of up to 6486 mg kg–1 of copper in the soils were recorded. Accumulation of copper by the plant as expressed by concentration factors (CF) show that it is acting mainly as a copper excluder. Of the copper that is taken up, most of it is retained within the roots with very little being transported to the shoots of the plant. Moreover, a further possible mechanism of tolerance is exhibited by the excretion of copper through its decaying leaves. Towards the use of in vitro cultures to study the copper tolerance mechanisms in A. maritima a micropropagation protocol has been developed. The ex vitro plants have been rooted and established in compost. 相似文献
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陕北地区煤炭开采等人类活动对河道径流影响的定量识别 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
陕北地区水资源严重短缺,定量分析窟野河流域各因素对河道径流的影响程度,对干旱半干旱地区的资源开发具有重要意义.该文首先分析了窟野河径流以及流域内降雨、气温、水保措施、用水量和煤炭开采量等因素的变化趋势;其次按照1961—1979年、1980—1998年、1999—2010年以及1961—2010年等4个时期,采用逐步回归法分别确定其显著的影响因素,求出各时期的径流相关方程,其中1961—2010年间的主要影响因素为降雨量、气温、水保措施和煤炭开采量;最后定量计算了1980—1998年和1999—2010年相对于基准期1961—1979年各因素造成的减水量,其中水保措施的减水量由65%减少到了47%,煤炭开采却增加到了19%.结果表明,采用逐步回归分析法计算的窟野河1961—2010年径流模拟值与实测值很接近,该方法可以在中国北方干旱半干旱地区推广. 相似文献
998.
深圳市近年来环境空气质量情况及主要影响因素分析研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据深圳10个国控监测点位大气自动监测数据以及自然、地理、经济、社会等相关情况,借助Spearman秩相关系数法、环境库兹涅茨曲线等方法,对深圳近年来环境空气质量及影响因素进行了分析。结果表明深圳环境空气质量总体保持较好水平,自2006年以来呈改善的趋势,机动车、电厂、港口码头、工业则是深圳大气污染的主要来源,优化的经济结构、下垫面组分类型多样等城市下垫面特征等均对环境空气质量改善起到一定的作用。 相似文献
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1000.
目的建立敦煌地区温度、相对湿度和日温差的年极值拟合模型。方法根据当地气象站台温度和相对湿度日记时值数据,连续统计若干年的三要素年极值,采用极大似然法建立各要素年极值的Gumbel模型,同时讨论值域有界类气象因素极值再现期的定义域。结果给出了敦煌地区温度、相对湿度和日温差年极值的Gumbel模型参数。结论敦煌地区各气象因素Gumbel模型位置参数和尺度参数,温度极大值分别为35.193,1.072℃,温度极小值分别为-20.085,1.945℃,相对湿度极大值为95.254%,2.471%,相对湿度极小值为5.837%,1.505%,日温差极大值为20.676,0.777℃,日温差极小值为1.398,0.593℃;相对湿度极大值、相对湿度极小值和日温差极小值的再现期定义域分别为6.3,47和10年。 相似文献